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Oracle, Error ORA-01033: ORACLE initialization or shutdown in progressThere are many reasons for this error. One of these reasons is file corruption, which needs media recovery. The following steps can help ...1. Go Start Menu -> Run -> Cmd -> OK ...2. Give the following commands for shutting down oracle C:\> SQLPLUS /NOLOG SQL> CONNECT SYS/PWD AS SYSDBA SQL> SHUTDOWN ABORT SQL> EXIT ...3. Now check and fix the drive in which oracle is installed C:\> CHKDSK <DRIVE_NAME>: /F ...4. Go again to oracle and recover database C:\> SQLPLUS /NOLOG SQL> CONNECT SYS/PWD AS SYSDBA SQL> RECOVER DATABASE SQL> STARTUP SQL> EXIT ...5. All the best »»»»»»» by Santosh Kumar ? Original @ http://santu4you.spaces.live.com Oracle, The beauty while using UNIONEvery time just de-normalizing data cannot satisfy the understanding of information. Many times it requires proper heading and branching for putting the information on a report. That’s why people use to hard code each and every report. But I feel, if brain is applied properly query alone can give all kind of presentation of the data.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 -800 20 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09-DEC-82 3000 5000.5 20 7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10 14 ROWS SELECTED. SQL> SELECT * FROM DEPT; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------- 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 3 ROWS SELECTED. SQL> SELECT NAME, JOB, SAL, EMPNO FROM( 2 SELECT 3 ORD, DEPTNO, ENAME NAME, JOB, SAL, EMPNO FROM EMP 3 UNION 4 SELECT 1 ORD, DEPTNO, DNAME NAME, NULL, NULL, NULL FROM DEPT 5 UNION 6 SELECT 2 ORD, DEPTNO, SUBSTR(LPAD('-',20,'-'),1,20) NAME, NULL, NULL, NULL FROM DEPT 7 UNION 8 SELECT 4 ORD, DEPTNO, NULL NAME, NULL, NULL, NULL FROM DEPT 9 ORDER BY DEPTNO, ORD 10 / NAME JOB SAL EMPNO -------------------- --------- ---------- ---------- ACCOUNTING -------------------- CLARK MANAGER 2450 7782 MILLER CLERK 1300 7934 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7839 RESEARCH -------------------- ADAMS CLERK 1100 7876 SMITH CLERK -800 7369 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 7788 FORD ANALYST 3000 7902 JONES MANAGER 2975 7566 SALES -------------------- ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 7499 WARD SALESMAN 1250 7521 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 7844 BLAKE MANAGER 2850 7698 JAMES CLERK 950 7900 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 7654 »»»»»»» by Santosh Kumar ? Original @ http://santu4you.spaces.live.com Structured System Analysis and Design- SSAD +--- Definition of a System | +--- A group of Interacting elements that constitutes a whole | +--- An organised set of units which produces the optimum results +--- Characteristics of a System | +--- Organisation | +--- Interdependance | +--- Interaction with environment | +--- Central Objectives +--- Parts of a System | +--- Elements/Units | +--- Input | +--- Output +--- Categories of a System | +--- Closed/Stable System | +--- Open/Adaptable System | +--- Information System | +--- It's contineous | +--- Designed as per user's request | +--- Output given to the user for further verification | +--- Categories | +--- Transaction Processing System {Low Level} | +--- Management Information System {Mid Level} | +--- Decision Support System {Top Level} +--- Development Techniques of a System +--- System Development Life Cycle {SDLC} | +--- It contains several phases in development cycle | +--- Also a sequencial forwarding | +--- Can jump back at any stage | +--- Phases of SDLC | +--- Preliminary Investigations | | +--- It's a verification of user's request | | +--- Clarity of the requirement is confirmed | | +--- Most urgent requirements are picked first | +--- Information Gathering | | +--- Interview | | +--- Questionnaire | | +--- Record Inspection | | +--- Observation | +--- Feasibility Study | | +--- Technical | | +--- Financial | | +--- Operational | +--- System Analysis | +--- System Design | | +--- Methodology | | | +--- Structured Design | | | +--- Form Driven Design | | +--- Parts | | +--- Input Design | | +--- Output Design | | | +--- Information Report | | | +--- Summary Report | | | +--- Exception Report | | | +--- Turnaround Document {Acts as an input} | | +--- File/Database Design | | +--- Storage and Retrival | | | +--- Normalisation | | | +--- Denormalisation | | +--- Table Design | | +--- Master File | | | +--- Static | | | +--- Dynamic | | +--- Transaction File | | +--- Work File {temp file} | | +--- Audit File {tracking file} | +--- Coding | +--- Testing | | +--- Alpha testing | | +--- Beta testing | | +--- Unit testing | | +--- Integraded testing | +--- Integration | +--- Implementation | | +--- Direct Implementation {NEW=>} | | +--- Parallel Implementation {NEW=> OLD=>} | | +--- Pilot Implementation {ONE SECTION OF AN ORGANISATION} | | +--- Phase Implementation {ONE SECTION OF A PROGRAM} | +--- Evaluation +--- System Analysis Development {SAD} | +--- System is devided into several component | +--- Each is analised indivisually | +--- Analysis and Documentation tools | +--- Decision Table | | +--- [11] Condition Stub [Options] | | +--- [12] Condition Entry [Y/N] | | +--- [21] Action Stub [Clauses] | | +--- [22] Action Entry [X] | +--- Decision Tree | +--- Structured English | +--- An English like language use to describe the logic | +--- Types are | +--- Sequential | +--- Selection | +--- Iteration +--- System Prototype +--- A working model of a system +--- Required when users themselves do not know their requiremnet +--- Types +--- Data Modeling {Entity Relation Diagram} | +--- It involves the data like input, stored, processed, produced | +--- Used for data handling and its relationship | +--- Components are | +--- Entity | | +--- Person | | +--- Car | +--- Attributes | | +--- Person | | | +--- Name | | | +--- Age | | | +--- Address | | +--- Car | | | +--- Manufacturer | | | +--- Model | | | +--- Price | +--- Relationship | +--- One to One {Driver<==>License Student<==>Rollno} | +--- One to Many {Student<==>Subjects Cutomer<==>Orders} | +--- Many to Many {Student<==>Teacher Project<==>Employees} +--- Process Modeling {Data Flow Diagram} +--- Used to pictorially depict the entire processing +--- Traces data flow through different process with symbols +--- Components are | +--- Entity | +--- Process | +--- Data store | +--- Data Flow +--- Levels are +--- 1st level DFD {Only entities are shown} +--- 2nd level DFD {Entities and Process are shown} +--- 3rd level DFD {Entities, Process and Data Stores are shown} »»»»»»» by Santosh Kumar ? Original @ http://santu4you.spaces.live.com Oracle, Date & Time ArithmeticWith very few functions oracle has provided every thing needed for doing all kind of arithmetic with date and time. Most of the thing are possible just with to_date() and to_char(). Have a look on the following statements. |
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